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The electric car is presented as the perfect solution to reducing energy dependence and especially for reducing emissions of pollutants. However, these statements and the comparison with the conventional car depend on the origin of the electricity used to recharge batteries in Spain currently involves a carbon dioxide emissions of 0276 kg / kWeh generated.

Although both conventional and electric cars contribute to greenhouse gas emissions, while burning car fleet are a multitude of sources emitting CO2 also move so it is difficult to capture their emissions, in the second case has the advantage that the electricity consumed in the car is generated in large power plants so it is an issue focused and controlled than is possible to apply techniques for CO2 capture and storage.

Here we compare a conventional vehicle, an electric hybrid and other similar characteristics. The conclusions reached is that from the standpoint of emissions, especially in town, the hybrid electric car and are less polluting, and this difference was smaller in the road transport. The main drawback, at least today, is the high price of electric cars. In any event, if you really want to contribute to emissions reductions is best to use public transport, of which the cleaner by far is the Metro that emits an average of 39 g / km and passenger for an occupancy of 24% vs. to the 135 petrol car with an occupancy of 1.3 passengers per car.

In Denmark and Israel are promoting initiatives to create networks of electric cars, charging systems or replacement of batteries and the production of electricity from renewable energies, in the case of Spain, the Ministry of Industry presents a target one million electric cars in 2014, which would increase the electricity consumption of 0.8%, a reduction in emissions of six thousand tons per day of CO2 and fuel economy of 3000 tons per day.

Transportation accounts for 70% of global oil consumption, of which 80% is due to road transport (trucks and vehicles), with respect to carbon dioxide emissions from the transportation sector accounts for 28% of these emissions and in Spain in particular private cars emit 12% of such emissions, particularly 59.83 Mton of CO2 annually.

Against this background the electric vehicle is presented as the perfect alternative to conventional car, being the solution to oil dependence and reducing emissions, these cars are often advertised as car zero emission of pollutants.

But electricity is far less clear, in fact is responsible for another 32% of emissions of greenhouse gases such emissions depending on the source of fuel for their generation and electricity from hydropower or renewable (particularly wind and / or photovoltaic or solar thermal power) is really clean as that obtained from coal will be a high level of emissions.

A first step to compare the emissions of conventional and electric vehicle is to determine the emissions in each of the cases compared in equivalent units, in our case we use the electric kWh:

· A liter of petrol or diesel is equivalent to 10 kWh of electricity and its combustion emits an average of 0.232 and 0.26 kgCO2/kWh petrol and diesel respectively.

· Concerning the origin of electricity and emissions, focusing on Spain and according to the advance report on electricity generation 2008 Spanish Red Electrica, electricity generated in 2008 had its origin in 32% CCGT 11% wind, 16% coal, 7% hydro, 20% nuclear and 19% other (special).

The following figure shows the emissions of carbon dioxide to generate one kWh in power plants based on the primary source used, the mix of Spanish and combustion engines (petrol and diesel).

From these data show that in Spain, the kWh of electricity generated 18% more emissions than a gasoline engine, which would be the cleanest, and 6% more than diesel and also very partially solve the dependency external energy as much natural gas as much of the coal used in its generation is imported.

But what is really important is to compare emissions and fuel costs per km route of the electric car and the conventional, this is somewhat complicated because it depends largely on the strength of each and especially combustion cars that normally are oversized for the actual needs.

The comparison of the conventional electric vehicle and to be fair should refer to cars of similar performance (power, capacity, speed, etc.). And it is really complicated because while it’s easy to get technical specifications of conventional vehicles such as power consumption fuel, top speed etc. (The IDEA (Institute for Energy Diversification and Saving of Energy) on their website have a database of cars in the reporting of both consumption and emissions and the characteristics of the same in terms of its power) in the power is much more complicated since to begin prototype cars are often impossible. We try to be the most objective way possible, to that end we start with the following information about the behavior of vehicles:

Vehicle conventional primary energy is the fuel (petrol or diesel). The engine converts chemical energy of fuel into mechanical energy. In this transformation, 30-40% (gasoline-diesel) of primary energy is converted into motion and the rest are losses (28% is lost in the radiator, 10% in the brake block and 35% goes for EP). The performance of the transportation and refining processes are above 85%), therefore Tank to wheel efficiency is 25%.

Electric Vehicle: The primary energy depends on the energy mix (32% combined cycle, 11% wind, 16% coal, 7% hydro, 20% nuclear and 19% rest), the conversion efficiency depends on the source but on average is about 40%, then we must take into account a 20% loss for processing and transportation, conversion of electricity into chemical energy stored in the battery and then back to electricity (85% efficiency) and 85% return on engine. The total primary energy conversion to mechanical engine is 21%.

Hybrid vehicle: A vehicle with a conventional engine and an auxiliary battery that is loaded with untapped energy during braking or when the car is stationary with the engine running, this happens quite often in the city which is where these cars have consumption significantly lower than conventional ones.

In the comparison of vehicles use the ISD model Honda CIVIC 1.4 (petrol), the equivalent hybrid Hybrid HONDA CIVIC 1.3 DSI as the equivalent electrical HONDA EV Plus battery electric vehicle that Honda produced until 2003 and stopped doing it because mainly to low demand for its high price (60,000 € today).

Comparing the conventional and the hybrid engine, the consumption of the latter is significantly lower than in town and therefore in emissions (40% lower consumption and CO2 emissions), and electrical issues between 11-35% less CO2 but must take into account emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides in any case these emissions to be centrally generated in power stations might be preventing capture and CO2 cleaning.

With regard to the cost of fuel or electricity to km electric electric car advocates say leaves much cheaper, (4.21 € / 100 km versus 8.76), however if we take into account the depreciation of the car will cost a life average of 10 years (10,000 km), the price of km traveled with the electric car is three times more expensive than conventional.

The figure below compares the carbon dioxide emissions from different means of transportation for an average occupancy (1.3 passengers per car and 23% for bus and subway), and a total employment (in the case of the automobile 100% occupancy). We note that the underground city transport would be the cleaner and sustainable emitting four times less than gasoline car or two with regard to electricity.

Conclusion: The electric car is really clean and reduce energy dependence on countries where the source of that power is completely renewable. This has been understood in Israel that arose in 2011 that all-electric vehicles with more than 50000 points and 500 recharge battery replacement (battery be changed by another filled empty) for the procurement of electricity will be constructed photovoltaic or solar thermal power plants. Denmark plans a similar network in which case the source of electricity would be wind.

Another interesting project is the plan in the city of Newark (USA), which use electric vehicles as electric storage batteries for nighttime electricity from wind (wind is higher at night and to be less consumption and electricity can not be stored, must be shut mills).

In Spain, the Ministry of Industry states that in 2014 has 1 million electric vehicles, assuming an average distance of 33 km per day per vehicle and based on these 22 kWh / 100km above the Honda Civic, would be a daily consumption of 7 GWh electricity that seem many but they really are the 0.8% of the 775 GWh of electricity every day in Spain or 5% of the 139 GWh wind power, which is equivalent to operating wind turbines were installed more than 24 minutes they do every day (5 hours).